Spills in process industry are incidents where chemicals leak or spill from industrial processes such as mining, manufacturing, recycling, and disposal. These spills can be caused by various factors, such as: equipment failure or malfunction, human error or negligence, natural disasters or extreme weather, sabotage or terrorism.

Spills in process industry can have negative effects on human health and the environment, such as:

exposure to toxic or hazardous substances, fire or explosion hazards, soil and water contamination, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, economic losses and social impacts.

Spills in maritime industry are incidents where oil or other petroleum products such as petrochemicals are released into the ocean or coastal waters from tankers, rigs, wells, and offshore platforms. These spills can be caused by various factors.

Spills in maritime industry can have negative effects on marine life and ecosystems, as well as human activities such as fishing and tourism.

To find the nature and source of spills using a chemical laboratory, you need to follow these steps:

• we can use labels, safety data sheets, inventory records, or other sources of information to identify the spilled material. If the material is unknown, you can use chemical tests, such as pH indicators, flammability tests, or reagent strips, to determine its properties and hazards.
• using different analysis techniques we can identify the composition of the spill and its components. The techniques we use for this are, for example, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray spectrometry (XRF), UV-vis spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), optical emission spectrometry (ICP- OES), mass spectrometry (MS) and many other chemical and physical techniques.
• the combination of labels, safety data sheets, inventory records, or other sources of information on the one hand and those of the different laboratory investigations will lead to the identification, quantification and tracing of the source of the spill and, as a result, possible spill containment and cleaning of the polluted environment.